![]() demonstrated, based on predictive models, that most tropical and subtropical regions worldwide are potentially appropriate for S. have facilitated its dispersal across the world, contributing to repeated introduction events in several countries, such as China, Taiwan, and Australia. invicta populations may reach sizes even greater than those observed in its native range, making control difficult and even more costly. Limited introduction events, likely associated with small founder populations, led to a significant reduction in natural enemies and enemy diversity associated with S. and more recently into Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Since then, it has spread throughout the southeastern U.S. invicta was accidentally introduced into the southern region of the United States (U.S.) almost a century ago, becoming a serious problem. The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is an invasive pest causing significant ecological impact and economic loss in invaded areas. In addition to contributing to better understanding of basic aspects of virus ecology and evolution, these studies may contribute to new opportunities to use viruses as tools to develop more sustainable insect control methods. While many studies have focused on viromes of arbovirus-transmitting insects, especially those involved in transmission of medically important viruses, such as mosquitoes, other groups that are important pests either impacting agricultural or natural ecosystems, such as invasive ants, have been less studied. Nonetheless, like insect diversity, the diversity of viruses associated with insects is far from clear. ![]() High throughput sequencing has led to huge advances in revealing previously unknown diversity of insect viruses, significantly contributing to filling deep phylogenetic gaps along evolutionary history within the most diverse viral lineages. Insects are the most abundant and diverse group of animals on earth. invicta in introduced areas with potential to be used as biological control agents, which will require further biological characterization. The present study expands our knowledge about viral diversity associated with S. Furthermore, based on virus sequence abundance compared to housekeeping genes, phylogenetic relationships, and completeness of viral coding sequences, our results suggest that four of five virus sequences reported, those being SINV-14, SINV-15, SINV-16 and SINV-17, may be associated to viruses actively replicating in the ant S. invicta was previously suggested to be a contamination, here we characterized and present strong evidence that Solenopsis invicta virus 14 (SINV-14) is a tenui-like virus that has a long-term association with the ant. While the presence of a putative tenuivirus associated with S. In addition, two positive single-strand virus genome sequences and one single strand DNA virus genome sequence were also identified. The first negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus genomic sequences included in the orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales are reported. Sequence comparisons revealed extensive divergence across ORFs and genomic regions with most of them sharing less than 40% amino acid identity with those closest homologous sequences previously characterized. We characterized five putative new viruses associated with S. Contigs were compared against the non-redundant protein sequences and those showing similarity to viral sequences were further analyzed. #Clc sequence viewer color code selected residue archivePublicly available RNA sequences from GenBankās Sequence Read Archive were downloaded and de novo assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench 20.0.1. The data set used here was obtained from different stages (larvae, pupa, and adults) of S. invicta, in two introduced areas, U.S and Taiwan. Using a metatranscriptome approach, we further identified and molecularly characterized virus sequences associated with S. invicta virome is the best characterized among ants, most studies have been performed in its native range, with less information from invaded areas. Its virome has begun to be characterized pertaining to potential use of viruses as natural enemies. Solenopsis invicta is an invasive ant that has quickly spread worldwide causing significant ecological and economic impacts. Advances in sequencing and analysis tools have facilitated discovery of many new viruses from invertebrates, including ants. ![]()
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